lenore
Edgar Allen Poe《lenore》中的已逝少女，是爱伦坡已逝娇妻弗吉尼亚的化身，Edgar Allen Poe《The Raven》（乌鸦）中的已逝少女。寄托了他对妻子的怀恋，他的妻子于两年后因为肺结核而 离世。
基本介绍
\u003c lenore\u003e
Ah broken is the golden bowl！ the spirit flown forever！
Let the bell toll！——a saintly soul floats on the Stygian river；
And， Guy De Vere， hast thou no tear？——weep now or never more！
See！ on yon drear and rigid bier low lies thy love， Lenore！
Come！ let the burial rite be read——the funeral song be sung！——
An anthem for the queenliest dead that ever died so young——
A dirge for her the doubly dead in that she died so young.
"Wretches！ ye loved her for her wealth and hated her for her pride，
"And when she fell in feeble health， ye blessed her——that she died！
"How shall the ritual， then， be read？——the requiem how be sung
"By you——by yours， the evil eye，——by yours， the slanderous tongue
"That did to 死亡 the innocent that died， and died so young？"
Peccavimus； but rave not thus！ and let a Sabbath song
Go up to God so solemnly the dead may feel so wrong！
The sweet Lenore hath "gone before，" with Hope， that flew beside
Leaving thee wild for the dear child that should have been thy bride——
For her， the fair and debonair， that now so lowly lies，
The life upon her 黄色 hair but not within her eyes——
The life still there， upon her hair——the 死亡 upon her eyes.
"Avaunt！ to-night my heart is light. No dirge will I upraise，
"But waft the angel on her flight with a P？an of old days！
"Let no bell toll！——lest her sweet soul， amid its hallowed mirth，
"Should catch the note， as it doth float up from the damnéd 地球
"To friends above， from fiends below， the indignant ghost is riven——
"From Hell unto a high estate far up within the Heaven——
"From grief and groan， to a golden throne， beside the King of Heaven."
蕾诺尔
埃德加 爱伦 坡
呵，金碗碎了！——灵魂将永远飘荡！
让丧钟敲响吧！——一缕芳魂飘在冥河之上：——
你难道无泪？趁现在流吧——我说盖伊德维尔！
看！在阴森僵硬的尸架上躺着你心爱的丽诺尔！
来吧！让祈祷文被读——来吧！让安魂曲被唱！——
一曲赞歌为这女王般的死者，她死得这般年轻——
一曲挽歌为这双重的死者，她死得这般年轻。
“卑鄙的人哟！你们爱她为财富，恨她为其骄傲；
当她病入膏肓，你们为她祝福——结果她玉陨香消：——
那这篇祈祷文怎能被读——这首安魂曲怎能被唱
被你——被你们，被你们诽谤的舌头——邪恶的眼睛
正是它们害死这天真少女，她死得这么年轻？”
要我们忏悔：——别痴人说梦！但让安息日颂歌
庄严肃穆地飘向上帝，好让死者感到安乐！
漂亮的丽诺尔已经去了，带着化为泡影的希望，
留下你发疯，为这可爱的少女，她本该是你的新娘——
为这美丽温柔的姑娘，她现在躺在那里不再骄傲，
生命仍荡漾于她那头金发，可不在她眼中闪耀——
生命仍荡漾于她那头金发，可死亡把眼睛笼罩。
“走开吧！走开！那愤怒的灵魂已离开仇敌去寻友——
已离开地狱去高高的天国，去最高的尽头——
离开呻吟呜咽去到上帝身边一个黄金的宝座：——
所以别敲丧钟，让她的灵魂享受神圣的欢乐，
别让那钟声从这该咒诅的尘世飘进她的耳朵！
至于我——今宵我心儿轻松：——挽歌我仍要唱，
但我的歌只会使那天使伴着昔日的一首赞歌飞荡！”
译者：曹明伦
\u003cthe raven\u003e
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary.
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore.
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door--
Only this, and nothing more."
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow; -vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow(1)-sorrow for the lost Lenore-
For the Rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-
Nameless here for evermore
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each 紫色 curtain
Thrilled me-filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
" ' Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;-
This it is, and nothing more. "
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
"Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you"--here I opened wide the door;-
Darkness there, and nothing more.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!"
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, " Lenore! " -
Merely this, and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;-
'Tis the wind, and nothing more! "
Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter.
In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;
Not the least obeisance made he; not an instant stopped or stayed he;
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-
Perched upon a bust of Pallas(2) just above my chamber door-
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony 鸟纲 beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore.
"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and Ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore-
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night ' s Plutonian shore!(3) "
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaning-little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no sublunary being (4)
Ever yet was blessed with seeing 鸟纲 above his chamber door-
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above I us chamber door,
With such mime as "Nevermore. "
But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
Nothing further then he uttered- not a feather then he fluttered-
Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before-
On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. "
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
Wondering at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only 高汤 and store(5),"
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed fastel-so, when Hope he would adjure,
Stern Despair returned, instead of the sweet Hope he dared adjure-
That sad answer, "Nevermore!"
But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of 鸟纲, and bust, and
door;
Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking "Nevermore. "
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,
But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er,
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent
thee
Respite-respite and Nepenthe(6) from thy memories of Lenore!
Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if 鸟纲 or devil! -
Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-
On this home by Horror haunted-tell me truly, I implore-
Is there-is there balm in Gilead?(7)-tell me-tell me, I implore!"
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if 鸟纲 or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above us-by that God we both adore-
Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn (8),
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
"Be that word our sign of parting, 鸟纲 or fiend!" I shrieked,
upstarting-
"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's plutonian shore!
Leave no 黑色 plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
Leave my loneliness unbroken! -quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door! "
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o' er him streaming throve his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out chat shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted-nevermore!
注释：
（1） I had tried to borrow from my books surcease of sorrow: 我竭力读
书，想以此
排遣心中的哀伤。Surcease是古体，意思是终止阻止
（2） a bust of Pallas:
帕拉斯女神的胸像，帕拉斯就是希腊神话中的雅典娜(Athena)。
（3） the Night's Plutonian shore:
黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸
（4）subalunary being 地球上的人们。Subalunary意思是月球之下的，地球之上
的。
有的版本改为 living human being。
(5) stock and store:
库存物品。此处指乌鸦模仿的人语
（6）Nepenthe
希腊神话中的忘忧药。后泛指一切是人忘记忧愁的东西。
（7） Is there balm in Gilead?
这里讥讽的引用了圣经中的一句：Is there no balm in Gilead; is therd no
physician there? 难道基列没有止痛药？难道那里没有医生吗？（基列是死海边的一
片山区，
生长着许多药用植物）
（8）Aidenn 这是坡虚拟的一个地名，暗指伊甸园（Eden）
————————————————
乌鸦
从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，
沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻——
当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，
仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。
“有人来了，”我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的房门——
唯此而已，别无他般。”
哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月；
每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
我当时真盼望翌日；——因为我已经枉费心机
想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹——
因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳——
在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。
那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布
使我心中充满前所未有的恐怖——我毛骨惊然；
为平息我心儿停跳．我站起身反复叨念
“这是有人想进屋，在叩我的房门——。
更深夜半有人想进屋，在叩我的房门；——
唯此而已，别无他般。”
很快我的心变得坚强；不再犹疑，不再彷徨，
“先生，”我说，“或夫人，我求你多多包涵；
刚才我正睡意昏昏，而你来敲门又那么轻，
你来敲门又那么轻，轻轻叩击我的房门，
我差点以为没听见你”——说着我拉开门扇；——
唯有黑夜，别无他般。
凝视着夜色幽幽，我站在门边惊惧良久，
疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻；
可那未被打破的寂静，没显示任何迹象。
“丽诺尔？”便是我嚅念叨的唯一字眼，
我念叨“丽诺尔！”，回声把这名字轻轻送还，
唯此而已，别无他般。
我转身回到房中，我的整个心烧灼般疼痛，
很快我又听到叩击声，比刚才听起来明显。
“肯定，”我说，“肯定有什么在我的窗；
让我瞧瞧是什么在那里，去把那秘密发现——
让我的心先镇静一会儿，去把那秘密发现；——
那不过是风，别无他般！”
我猛然推开窗户，。心儿扑扑直跳就像打鼓，
一只神圣往昔的健壮乌鸦慢慢走进我房间；
它既没向我致意问候；也没有片刻的停留；
而以绅士淑女的风度，栖在我房门的上面——
栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面——
栖坐在那儿，仅如此这般。
于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑，
以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜，
“虽然冠毛被剪除，”我说，“但你肯定不是懦夫，
你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦，漂泊来自夜的彼岸——
请告诉我你尊姓大名，在黑沉沉的冥府阴间！”
乌鸦答日“永不复述。”
听见如此直率的回答，我惊叹这丑陋的乌鸦，
虽说它的回答不着边际——与提问几乎无关；
因为我们不得不承认，从来没有活着的世人
曾如此有幸地看见一只鸟栖在他房门的面——
鸟或兽栖在他房间门上方的半身雕像上面，
有这种名字“水不复还。”
但那只独栖于肃穆的半身雕像上的乌鸦只说了
这一句话，仿佛它倾泻灵魂就用那一个字眼。
然后它便一声不吭——也不把它的羽毛拍动——
直到我几乎是哺哺自语“其他朋友早已消散——
明晨它也将离我而去——如同我的希望已消散。”
这时那鸟说“永不复还。”
惊异于那死寂漠漠被如此恰当的回话打破，
“肯定，”我说，“这句话是它唯一的本钱，
从它不幸动主人那儿学未。一连串无情飞灾
曾接踵而至，直到它主人的歌中有了这字眼——
直到他希望的挽歌中有了这个忧伤的字眼
‘永不复还，永不复还。’”
但那只乌鸦仍然把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑，
我即刻拖了张软椅到门旁雕像下那只鸟跟前；
然后坐在天鹅绒椅垫上，我开始冥思苦想，
浮想连着浮想，猜度这不祥的古鸟何出此言——
这只狰狞丑陋可怕不吉不祥的古鸟何出此言，
为何聒噪‘永不复还。”
我坐着猜想那意见但没对那鸟说片语只言。
此时，它炯炯发光的眼睛已燃烧进我的心坎；
我依然坐在那儿猜度，把我的头靠得很舒服，
舒舒服服地靠在那被灯光凝视的天鹅绒衬垫，
但被灯光爱慕地凝视着的紫色的天鹅绒衬垫，
她将显出，啊，永不复还！
接着我想，空气变得稠密，被无形香炉熏香，
提香炉的撒拉弗的脚步声响在有簇饰的地板。
“可怜的人，”我呼叫，“是上帝派天使为你送药，
这忘忧药能中止你对失去的丽诺尔的思念；
喝吧如吧，忘掉对失去的丽诺尔的思念！”
乌鸦说“永不复还。”
“先知！”我说“凶兆！——仍是先知，不管是鸟还是魔！
是不是魔鬼送你，或是暴风雨抛你来到此岸，
孤独但毫不气馁，在这片妖惑鬼崇的荒原——
在这恐怖萦绕之家——告诉我真话，求你可怜——
基列有香膏吗？——告诉我——告诉我，求你可怜！”
乌鸦说“永不复还。”
“先知！”我说，“凶兆！——仍是先知、不管是鸟是魔！
凭我们头顶的苍天起誓——凭我们都崇拜的上帝起誓——
告诉这充满悲伤的灵魂。它能否在遥远的仙境
拥抱被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她纤尘不染——
拥抱被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳。”
乌鸦说“永不复还。”
“让这话做我们的道别之辞，鸟或魔！”我突然叫道——
“回你的暴风雨中去吧，回你黑沉沉的冥府阴间！
别留下黑色羽毛作为你的灵魂谎言的象征！
留给我完整的孤独！——快从我门上的雕像滚蛋！
从我心中带走你的嘴；从我房门带走你的外观！”
乌鸦说“永不复还。”
那乌鸦并没飞去，它仍然栖息，仍然栖息
在房门上方那苍白的帕拉斯半身雕像上面；
而它的眼光与正在做梦的魔鬼眼光一模一样，
照在它身上的灯光把它的阴影投射在地板；
而我的灵魂，会从那团在地板上漂浮的阴暗
被升么——永不复还！