置闰法
我国古代长期采用阴阳合历,它根据月亮的盈亏变化定月,平年12个月,6个大月30天,叫“大尽”;6个小月各29天,叫“小尽”;全年354天。这比太阳年(365.2422天)要少约10天21小时。为此古人采取置闰的办法加以调整,开始时每三年闰一个月,五年闰两个月,春秋中叶后规定十九年闰七个月·每逢闰年加的一个月叫"闰月",闰月加于某月之后叫"闰某月"。通过置闰可使历年的平均长度约等于一个太阳年,并和自然季节大致吻合。
置闰法图式
_______________ │________________________│_____________________
四宫·································离九宫·································坤二宫
阳遁····································阴遁····································阴遁
立夏四一七···························夏至九三六···························立秋二五八
小满五二八···························小暑八二五···························处暑一四七
芒种六三九···························大暑七一四 ··························白露九三六
_______________ │________________________│_____________________
震三宫 ··········································································兑七宫
阳遁 ·············································································阴遁
春分三九六·························中五宫···································秋分七一四
清明节四一七·····································································寒露六九三
谷雨五二八·····································································霜降五八二
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艮八宫································ 坎一宫·································乾六宫
阳遁 ··································· 阳遁····································阴遁
立春八五二··························冬至一七四···························立冬六九三
雨水九六三··························小寒二八五···························小雪五八二
惊蛰一七四··························大寒三九六···························大雪四七一
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置闰法的定局
置闰法严格执行干支纪时,并适时调整跟上节气的变化。每一局的六十个时辰都是从甲子时起的六十甲子完整周期,即使在置闰时段,也是三个六十甲子完整周期,故能够在一个节气中,形成十八次九星值符小循环、二十次八门值使小循环、二次九星中循环。在一年中,有二十四个节气用局的大循环,还有六次六十天的甲子循环,七十二次六十个时辰的甲子循环,四十八次九星的中循环,若遇置闰,九星的中循环一年五十次,正好是大衍之数。超者,超过也。神者,日辰也。接者,承接也。气者,诸节也。节气未至而日辰先到,则复节气为主而超越用未来之节气,此之谓超。又有节气已至而日辰未到,则伏辰为主而待日辰至方接承节。盖其气来则日辰未至而奇星常用于前节,此之谓接也。如丙午年四月十三日壬申交立夏节上,然四月初五日甲子日。甲己是四仲日,已在立夏前九日矣,则合超,超先于甲子日,下用立夏上局奇,己巳后用甲局,此乃先得奇后 得节,凡作用取效为速。按日干支与节气定局,以日干甲、己为符头,又遇日支、子、午、卯、酉用上元,遇寅、申、巳、亥用中元,遇辰、戌、丑、未,用下元节,每五天一局,每个节气三局,一年二十四节气共七十二局,则每年剩余天数累积多达九天以上时,在夏至或冬至前重复上一节气的三局,谓之置闰,又称超神接气。
超接置闰法
超神
谓节气未至而甲子、己卯、甲午、己酉四上元之符头先到,则从符头而行节气之先 上元。如正月初一日立春,而上年十二月二十五日即是甲子。此符头先至,即以此二十五日甲子作立春上元,至正月初一日乃行中元,故谓之超也。符头超越节气6天。
接气
谓 甲子、己卯、甲午、己酉四上元之符头未到而节气先到,则候符头先日方行节气。如正月初一日立春,而初五方是甲子,此符头未到,却以初一至初四仍行 大寒下元节,至初五方行立春上元。故谓之接也。符头晚节气4天。
置闰
每或四个上元符头与冬至日或夏至日超神有 超过八日(凡符头 起算 数到二至为9则置闰),在夏至或者冬至前闰上十五个日数,保留不排除此十五日延续至夏至或冬至日之后。注:二至是指冬至夏至
超接诀
阴阳二遁,原洪进速。时未节气,先到迟时。节气交未来,超接通玄奥,日未来节先来,今日端然在割 裁。虽然节气已交度,奈何仲日未胚胎。先至节未至,超用未来节气,有时超起过旬余,所以积余成闰,位二至之前有 闰奇。此时叠积累乘之阳极阴终无定数,因立此闰毕。其余起法者,于逐年 芒种节上,于大雪前寻之。盖缘芒种节后是 夏至,则仪逆奇顺;大雪之后是 冬至,则仪顺而奇逆,阳顺阴逆皆此也。
又诀凡节气或遇甲子、甲午、己卯、己酉,是甲己谓之正授。若不遇,则以官历挨究共过几日星当用第几局,名曰 超接。其造化,每至冬至多是超,至 十二三日又日闰也。
凡符头 起算 数到二至为9则置闰。
置闰歌歌诀
置闰歌歌诀
闰奇闰奇有妙诀,神仙不肯分明说。
甲己二日号符头,子午卯酉为上元。
有时超过近一旬,便当置闰真妙诀。
要知置闰在何时,端在茫种与大雪。