聪加语
聪加语（聪加语：Xitsonga/英语：Tsonga）属尼日尔-刚果语系大西洋刚果语族。聪加语是南非和津巴布韦官方语言之一。在莫桑比克、斯威士兰、津巴布韦也有相当数量的使用者。
语法
时态
聪加语的时态基本上包括现在时、现在进行时、过去时和将来时等；
现在时态是由人称代词和动词一起构成的。
现在时例句：
Ndzi lava mali – I want money.
Hi tirha siku hinkwaro – We work all day.
Mi(u) lava mani? – Who are you looking for?
U kota ku famba – S/He knows how to walk.
而现在进行时，一般来说，指示在目前的一个人正在进行的状态。
现在进行时例句：
dzi nghena (e)ndlwini – I am entering the house.
Ha tirha sweswi – We are working right now.
Ma hemba – You(pl.) are lying.
Wa hemba – You(sing.) are lying.
Wa hemba – S/He is lying.
而过去时依照所参照的词有3种不同的形式：
在过去时中，第一种情况，如果谓语动词结尾有-a，那么在句中，这个词的字母a要去掉，并且接上-ile这个后缀，如：
Ndzi nghenile ndlwini – I entered the house.
Hi tirhile siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
U hembile – You lied.
U hembile – S/He lied.
Va hembile – They lied.
过去时中，第二种情况，如果谓语动词结尾有-ala，在句中，这个词的去掉-ala，改加--ele或 -ale.，如
ku rivala – to forget
Ndzi rivele – I Forgot, U rivele – you forgot, Va rivele – they forgot
Ku nyamalala – To disappear
U nyamalarile – S/he – disappeared
Words used to describe a state of being also use the past tense.
Ku karhala – To be tired.
Ndzi karhele – I am tired, U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired.
第三种情况，把动词的-a改为-e即可，如：
Ku fika – To arrive
U fike tolo – S/He arrived yesterday
Ndzi fike tolo – I arrived yesterday.
Hi tirhe siku hinkwaro – We worked all day.
Ndzi nghene (e)ndlwini – I entered the house.
在将来时中，主语与谓语间加--ta即可，如：
Ndzi ta nghena (e)ndlwini – I will enter the house.
Hi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – We will work all day.
Va ta tirha siku hinkwaro – They will work all day.
Mi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – You(pl.) will work all day.